Abstract EANA2026-35

Human missions to the surface of Mars require landing sites that simultaneously satisfy engineering safety constraints, scientific return, and long-term exploration potential. The First Landing Site/Exploration Zone (EZ) Workshop framework emphasized the integration of these criteria through interdisciplinary evaluation of candidate regions. In this study, we assess Newton Crater as a potential Exploration Zone for future human surface missions.

Newton Crater, located in the southern mid-latitudes of Mars, contains geomorphological and mineralogical evidence of past aqueous activity, including recurring slope lineae (RSL), hydrated minerals, layered deposits, and diverse sedimentary terrains. These characteristics make the region scientifically compelling for investigations related to Martian climate evolution, habitability, and astrobiology. The crater also provides access to varied geological units within relatively short traverse distances, aligning with Exploration Zone requirements for both robotic precursor missions and human surface operations.

This work evaluates Newton Crater using criteria derived from previous human Mars exploration studies, including terrain safety, elevation constraints, accessibility, scientific diversity, resource potential, and operational feasibility. Orbital datasets from instruments such as HiRISE, CTX, CRISM, and MOLA are used to characterize surface roughness, slopes, mineralogy, and potential hazards. Particular attention is given to balancing scientific objectives with engineering limitations associated with entry, descent, landing, and sustained surface activities.

Our preliminary assessment suggests that Newton Crater offers a strong combination of astrobiological significance and exploration practicality. The region’s environmental diversity could support investigations into past water activity and preservation of biosignatures while also enabling strategic planning for human mobility and in situ resource utilization (ISRU). These findings contribute to ongoing international discussions regarding candidate landing sites for future crewed Mars missions and demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary site-selection methodologies in preparation for human exploration of Mars.